Rare Earth Elements

Unlocking Brazil’s Untapped Rare Earth Potential

Brazil holds the world’s second-largest rare earth reserves, totaling approximately 21 million tons, surpassed only by China. Key deposit areas include São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Goiás. Of particular interest are ionic clay deposits, which offer low-cost, environmentally friendly extraction and are drawing attention for their strategic value.

Despite its vast reserves, Brazil’s actual rare earth production in 2022–2023 stood at only 80 tons, falling behind countries like Vietnam, Australia, and the United States. This low output stems mainly from a lack of processing technology, insufficient infrastructure, and limited investment.


Strategic Shift: From Dormant Reserves to Pilot Production

Historically, Brazil had experience producing rare earths from monazite between the 1940s and 1970s. However, national energy policy shifted toward uranium, and related technologies were lost. A revival began with the Regina Project (2017–2020) in collaboration with Germany, targeting extraction, refining, and magnet manufacturing.

In 2024, companies like Serra Verde in Minas Gerais launched pilot-scale ion-adsorption clay rare earth production, with exports primarily heading to China. Meanwhile, Aclara Resources, a foreign investor, plans to scale operations by 2028.


Government Investment and Global Implications

Through its National Mining Plan 2030, Brazil has classified rare earths as a strategic industry. In 2024, the government established a $200 million investment fund backed by BNDES and science and technology funds. This move aims to reduce project risks and attract foreign capital.

In early 2025, Brazil's rare earth exports tripled year-over-year to $6.7 million. Although small globally, it marks a pivotal step. China, seeking to diversify supply, is actively importing Brazilian rare earths, adding a geopolitical layer to the trade.


Opportunities for South Korea and Dong-A Specialty Metals

While Brazil lags in refining capability, its supply chain potential continues to grow. South Korea can enhance resource security through investment, joint development projects, or offtake agreements with Brazilian counterparts.

As global prices rise and Chinese export risks grow, companies like Dong-A Specialty Metals should explore collaborations for mine development and rare earth extraction technology research. Building early-stage alliances with Brazil will help diversify sourcing and ensure long-term material stability.




#Brazil rare earths, #ionic clay deposits, #Serra Verde, #rare earth extraction, #National Mining Plan 2030, #Regina Project, #BNDES investment, #China rare earth imports, #Dong-A Specialty Metals, #Korea-Brazil mineral cooperation

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