Ruthenium

Ruthenium’s Unique Properties and Scarcity

Ruthenium (Ru), atomic number 44, is a rare transition metal in the platinum group metals (PGMs). It is a silvery-white, hard, and stable element. Ruthenium does not occur naturally in pure form. Instead, it appears in trace amounts during platinum or nickel ore smelting. Its global reserves are extremely limited. With low annual production, ruthenium holds strategic value in advanced industries.

This metal has a high melting point of 2,334°C and a specific gravity of 12.37 g/cm³. It also has excellent hardness and strong electrical conductivity. Ruthenium resists oxidation and remains stable even in high-temperature environments. These traits make it ideal for use in harsh and demanding applications.

Industrial Applications: Catalysts, Hydrogen, and Alloys

Ruthenium offers lower cost and greater catalytic efficiency than platinum or palladium. These benefits make it an attractive alternative across industries. When alloyed with other metals, ruthenium improves hardness, heat resistance, and strength. As a result, it is an essential element in specialty alloys used in extreme environments.

A key area of growth for ruthenium lies in hydrogen production. It serves as a powerful catalyst in water electrolysis. Ruthenium outperforms platinum and iridium in hydrogen ion reduction (HER) reactions. It offers high catalytic activity and corrosion resistance at a lower price. This makes it valuable for green hydrogen systems such as alkaline and PEM water electrolysis.

Ruthenium also enhances hydrogen storage alloys. Doping TiFe or LaNi5-based alloys with ruthenium improves initial activation and hydrogen cycling performance. Its catalytic properties enable stable and efficient hydrogen absorption and release.

As demand for hydrogen grows, ruthenium is becoming a key material. It supports renewable energy systems through production, storage, and utilization technologies. Because it offers a better cost-performance ratio than other PGMs, international R&D programs increasingly adopt ruthenium-based catalysts.

Future Outlook and Recycling Potential

Ruthenium plays a central role in semiconductors, precision electronics, and high-performance catalysts. Its use in chip components, coatings, and sensors is expanding rapidly. The metal’s excellent electrical, thermal, and catalytic properties are essential for emerging technologies.

Although ruthenium recycling is still developing, its high value supports recovery investments. Recycling ruthenium from catalyst materials and electronic devices contributes to a sustainable resource cycle. This makes it a key element in the global shift toward carbon neutrality and resource efficiency.

Dong-A Special Metals recognizes ruthenium’s importance as a strategic and sustainable metal. With growing demand in hydrogen energy, electronics, and specialty alloys, ruthenium will play a vital role in future green technologies.




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