United States of America

Strengthening Supply Chains Through Recycling

The United States is rapidly advancing its critical mineral recycling sector. In response to global supply chain changes and the energy transition, it treats recycling as a strategic supply source. The U.S. links rare metal and battery mineral security directly to national security. This approach goes beyond waste treatment, focusing instead on high-purity metal recovery and value-added manufacturing.

Since 2021, key legislation has backed this strategy. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), Defense Production Act (DPA), and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) offer strong institutional support. These laws provide funding for infrastructure, tax incentives, and technology development. They also promote regional supply chains by rewarding recycled material use in Free Trade Agreement (FTA) countries.


Government Investment in Recycling Infrastructure

Washington has invested heavily in recycling facilities and technology. The Advanced Energy Manufacturing and Recycling Grant Program allocates $750 million to low-carbon and battery mineral recycling industries. Another program, the Battery and Critical Mineral Recycling Grant Program, provides $1.25 billion for infrastructure and R&D to scale high-efficiency recycling technologies.

Additionally, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Export-Import Bank of the U.S. (EXIM) offer long-term, low-interest loans and guarantees. These are available under the IRA to companies working in low-carbon manufacturing and mineral recycling. These measures have successfully encouraged private sector investment in new technologies.


Global Partnerships and National Security Strategy

The U.S. has also expanded its global alliances. Since 2022, it has led the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) with countries like South Korea, the EU, and Japan. The MSP strengthens global collaboration through joint recycling investments and technology sharing. A key result is the U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement, which supports joint procurement and recycling innovation.

Domestically, the NDAA mandates strategic stockpiling of critical minerals. It positions recycling as a core tool for reducing foreign dependence. The focus lies on securing supply chains for platinum group metals (PGMs) and rare earth elements, which are vital to electric vehicles, semiconductors, and defense systems. The goal is to create a self-sufficient material supply chain, even during global crises.

The U.S. model highlights recycling as “strategic asset recovery,” not just waste reuse. By combining loans, subsidies, and tax benefits, it builds a strong foundation for sustainable metal supply. As Dong-A Specialty Metals emphasizes, this national-scale strategy may serve as a reference model for Korea’s own recycling policies and efforts to reduce external dependency.



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Ltd. is selling titanium (titanium) sponge substitutes for research and alloying on its smart store in order to localize the material in Korea. We look forward to your interest and support. Thank you.


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